The notation used here is not universal: in German speaking countries, H is used instead of B, and B is used for Bb. m for the note A4 is 69 and increases by one for each equal tempered semitone, so this gives us a simple conversion between frequencies and MIDI numbers (again using 440 Hz as the pitch of A4): In electronic music, pitch is often given by MIDI number: let's call it m for our purposes.
Similar equations give n o, the number of octaves from A4, and n c, the number of cents from A4: For a note that lies n semitones higher (or −n semitones lower), the frequency is thenĬonversely, one can obtain n, the number of semitones from A4, from This is usually A4, which is often set at 440 Hz. First, one needs a reference note and frequency. In equal temperament, where all semitones have the same frequency ratio of 2 1/12, conversion between note name and frequency is simple. Now to divide the octave into smaller units. An octave is a ratio of 2:1, so the number of octaves between f 2 and f 1 is How to do the calculation? Suppose that two notes have frequenciesį 1 and f 2, and a frequency ratio of f 2/f 1. To note converter written by Andrew Botros. to the nearest note and how far it is out of tune, go to the frequency This table is reproduced below but inverted, i.e. to the nearest note and how far it is out of tune), go These data were used to calculate the first table below, which gives the frequency of any standard keyboard note By convention, A4 is often set at 440 Hz. Each semitone therefore has a ratio of 2 1/12 (approximately 1.059). See Frequency and Pitch for more details and an introduction to frequency and pitch.Īn octave is a ratio of 2:1 and, in equal temperament, an octave comprises 12 equal semitones.
The musical interval between two notes depends on the ratio of their frequencies. Note names, MIDI numbers and frequencies are related here in tables and via an application that converts them.
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